Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research
Volume:3 Issue: 2, May 2020

Most currently used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have restrictions for therapeutic use since they cause gastrointestinal and renal side effects that are undividable from their pharmacological activities. In this review various piperazinyl containing pyridazine derivatives have been studied for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and their side effects. Therefore, the synthesis of new compounds devoid of such side effects has become an important goal for medicinal chemists.

Hydantoin derivatives are commonly used anticonvulsant drugs. It is generally effective against partial and tonic-clonic seizures but not in absent seizures. Phenytoin is the main drug of this group and other drugs ethotoin, mephenytoin also commonly used in the therapy of epilepsies. However, they have some adverse effects and long period of therapy to seizure control. To sort out these problems, various new hydantoin derivatives as well as prodrugs like fosphenytoin were prepared. Phenytoin is effective in some cases of trigeminal and related neuralgias. Phenytoin is also used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.

Crataegus sinaica Boiss is a hawthorn plant that was found as a hybrid of two species, C. azarolus and C. monogyna, which grows vastly in the mountains of the Protectorate of St. Catherine, South Sinai, Egypt. The fruits of the plant are rich in primary and secondary metabolites, for instance reducing, total sugars, flavonoids, and phenols as demonstrated by the phytochemical analysis. The aqueous extract of the fruits of the plant was used to prepare the silver nanoparticles by green method, in which the reducing and total sugars facilitate the preparation step as they act as reducing and stabilizing agents. The nanoparticles of the plant were efficiently synthesized through mixing Crataegus sinaica fruits aqueous extract with silver nitrate solution at room temperature following the predetermined procedures for nanoparticle preparation. The prepared nanoparticles were identified by means of spectroscopic and analytical measurements i.e. UV-vis, IR, TEM, and zeta sizer-zeta analyzer. The extract of the fruits of the plant and its silver nanoparticles were assessed as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, in which the nanoparticle solution displayed the more potent activities against the diverse microbial species and potent antioxidant agent than the aqueous extract.

Serratia marcescens is a gram-negative bacterium from family of Enterobacteriaceae. It is a human pathogen that is involved in nosocomial infection outbreaks that have proven difficult to manage. PCR-based techniques are suitable given the genus. Serratia has a higher GC content than many other members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The ERIC PCR-based fingerprinting method was used to study the PCR patterns of clinical Serratia marcescens isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Surveillance was conducted for nosocomial cases of interest and the nosocomial pathogens were retrieved for identification via morphological and additional biochemical tests. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility tests and ERIC Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based fingerprinting molecular method was done on the clinical S. marcescens isolates. From the study, five different strains of the clinical Serratia marcescens isolates were recovered and similarly five distinct susceptibility patterns were observed from the clinical S. marcescens isolates indicating consistency in the number of strains present in the clinical S. marcescens isolates. ERIC PCR fingerprinting base technique; a simple, rapid and cheap method for the determination of genetic relatedness between Serratia marcescens isolates can be applied for the thorough evaluation of nosocomial outbreaks to detect the source of infection and control the spreading of the infection.

The study is to determined the beliefs and practices on sexuality and reproductive health among Bachelor in Elementary Education (BEEd) and Bachelor in Secondary Education (BSEd). There were 304 respondents comprised of 191 females and 113 male, ages raging from 18-29 year old. In this study research design utilized the descriptive and inferential design in order to assess sexuality and reproductive health. A survey with the use of a structured questionnaire for data collection that was modified from the Illustrative questionnaire for Interview-Surveys with Young People by John Cleland. Questionnaire covered BSEd and BEEd students of the College of Education, who has reached puberty but has not yet been married. Scores was carefully recorded and ensure the data collected were accurate. Data was used in the analysis and interpretation of data on age, sex, and socio-economic status of the subjects and respondents. Student-respondents were conscious over the issue of gender and sexuality but they have misconceptions that leads in answering undecided in the instrument. The extent of student-respondents practice of natural contraception was “slightly practiced” where withdrawal was highest. The extent of student-respondents practice of artificial contraception was “never practiced”. Student-respondents were aware of the presence of Reproductive Health (RH) Law in the country but they have misconceptions over the Law like on abortion and policy concerning women. There was no significant difference on their knowledge of gender and sexuality, HIV/AIDS, Reproductive Health Law, natural contraception across all year level concerned and practice of artificial contraception.

This study has examined risk management planning in the field of Information Technology in industrial companies. Today, information is considered a valuable factor along with other factors of production. With rapid technological change, globalization and the expansion of efficient domain are among the requirements for achieving competitive advantage. Information technology in the fields of hardware, software, volume and data type and telecommunication networks is rapidly evolving and changing. Most managers of organizations have become aware of the importance of using this technology in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations and greater customer satisfaction. In addition to failing to meet the projected benefits, it is likely that the failure of this IT will not be limited to the financial and economic disadvantages of managing the subtleties of project execution and may continue to IT as long as an organization fails. Regarding the process of risk management or information security risks, there are methods and methodologies which define steps to evaluation process and risk treatment according to the considered approach. But in most of these methods, some basic principles and concepts are considered the same.

Heavy metals such as Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) , Copper (Cu), Zinc(Zn), Arsenic(As),Iron (Fe), Mercury (Hg), Magnesium (Mg) and Sulphur (S) are widely used for production of colour pigments of textile dyes. The colossal increase in the use of heavy metals over past few decades is a no doubt a necessary consequence of increased flux of metals in aquatic environment. Removal of these metallic substances has become inevitable to maintain a balance in ecosystem. Many methods are being implemented to remove Heavy metals, among these use of activated carbon have become a very competent process. But heavy cost of the activated carbon has made Heavy metal removal as a great concern. Many researchers have been conducted to remove heavy metals using different materials. Various adsorbents have been used to remove different type of heavy metal ions from wastewater especially those are harmful to mankind. This project work has compared about the efficiency of removing heavy metals by using activated carbon from Prosopis Juliflora bark. Prosopis Juliflora tree is widely known for its extra ordinary character for absorbing water. Activated carbon was prepared from the barks of Prosopis Juliflora by thermal and chemical process. The Textile effluent was collected from Erode area where large stretch of textile industries is situated to conduct the specific experiments. Batch experiments were conducted to analyze Heavy metal elements from the effluent. The results show that this low cost and eco-friendly adsorbents can effectively used for the removal of heavy metals.

This study examines why risk management is required in the energy industry. The variability of competitive laws in the world of business and energy has been highlighted as a major policy strategy in many countries. The rapid growth of technology, increasing riskability, risk in global markets and increasing changes in customer needs have been put new product development teams under increasing pressure. In order to be successful in identifying opportunities and threats in the energy industry, the risks involved in this process must be identified and addressed. Organizational risk management allows the company to anticipate changes and uncertainties in addition to moving in the right direction and achieving the intended vision. The most effective way to increase the effectiveness of risk management in the organization is to develop it as a process in the set of support processes in the organization and determine the process owner for it that they are responsible for managing and facilitating risk in the organization and guiding business managers in this field. Forming risk management committees in the organization with the participation of managers and reporting to senior management about the risks ahead are other methods of process management in which the success rate has been highly evaluated.

Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions, and redox reactions. In organic synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules. The production of many man-made chemicals such as the production of pharmaceuticals drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depends on organic reactions. Factors governing organic reactions are essentially the same as that of any chemical reaction. Factors specific to organic reactions are those that determine the stability of reactants and products such as conjugation, hyperconjugation, and aromaticity and the presence and stability of reactive intermediates such as free radicals, carbocations, and carbanions. An organic compound may consist of many isomers. Selectivity in terms of regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity is, therefore, an important criterion for many organic reactions. There is no limit to the number of possible organic reactions and mechanisms. However, certain general patterns are observed that can be used to describe many common or useful reactions. Each reaction has a stepwise reaction mechanism that explains how it happens, although this detailed description of steps is not always clear from a list of reactants alone. Organic reactions can be organized into several basic types. Some reactions fit into more than one category. For example, some substitution reactions follow an addition-elimination pathway. This overview isn't intended to include every single organic reaction. Rather, it is intended to cover the basic reactions.

In this study Analysis and simulating recuperator impact on the thermodynamic performance of the combined water-ammonia cycle Will be investigated. Due to the importance of power generation cycles including double cycles, many studies have been conducted in recent years in this field and many researchers have tried to optimize these cycles using existing methods. In this study, the water-ammonia cycle has been studied. The aim of this paper is to examine the recuperator on the thermodynamic performance of the combined water-ammonia cycle. First, the water-ammonia power generation cycle has been modeled in the current study then, in order to study and compare, the combined Gas-Rankine cycle has been simulated thermodynamically and have been studied from the perspective of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Finally, the effect of the recuperator on thermodynamic performance has been investigated.